Propranolol HCL Injection Vial

Uses of Propranolol HCL Injection Vial

Propranolol HCL Injection (1 mg/mL) is primarily used in medical settings to manage various cardiovascular emergencies. It is commonly administered to control arrhythmias, including supraventricular tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and certain types of ventricular tachycardia. In hypertensive emergencies, it helps lower blood pressure quickly and effectively. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in managing thyrotoxicosis (thyroid storm) by controlling symptoms such as tachycardia and tremors caused by excessive thyroid hormone levels.

This injection is also used to reduce myocardial oxygen demand in acute coronary syndromes, such as angina and post-myocardial infarction cases, thereby alleviating stress on the heart. In some instances, propranolol injection is administered off-label for acute migraine management. It is also an adjunctive treatment for pheochromocytoma, a rare tumor that can cause excessive catecholamine release, leading to severe hypertension and tachycardia. Furthermore, in select cases, propranolol is used to manage performance anxiety or acute stress-induced tachycardia.

Precautions and Warnings

Propranolol HCL Injection should be used with caution, as it has potent effects on the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. It is contraindicated in patients with conditions such as severe bradycardia, second- or third-degree heart block (without a pacemaker), cardiogenic shock, and uncompensated heart failure, as it can further depress cardiac function. Patients with a history of bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) should avoid propranolol, as it can cause bronchospasm and worsen respiratory symptoms.

Close monitoring is required in patients with diabetes, as propranolol can mask signs of hypoglycemia, such as tachycardia, and prolong recovery from low blood sugar levels. Similarly, in individuals with thyroid disorders, particularly hyperthyroidism, abrupt discontinuation may lead to a thyroid storm due to sudden adrenergic overactivity. Caution is also needed in patients with peripheral vascular diseases, as beta-blockers can worsen circulation problems.

Propranolol should not be stopped suddenly, as this may lead to rebound hypertension, angina, or even myocardial infarction in patients with coronary artery disease. It should be tapered gradually under medical supervision. The injection should be administered slowly to avoid excessive hypotension or bradycardia, and continuous monitoring of heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiogram (ECG) is essential during administration.

Additionally, drug interactions should be considered, as propranolol may enhance the effects of other antihypertensives, interact with certain antiarrhythmic drugs, and prolong the action of muscle relaxants. It may also interact with medications affecting liver enzymes, altering its metabolism. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should use propranolol injection only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, as it crosses the placenta and is excreted in breast milk.

Dosage

The dosage of Propranolol HCL Injection (1 mg/mL) varies depending on the condition being treated, the patient’s response, and the clinical setting. It is administered intravenously (IV) by a healthcare professional under close monitoring.

Usual dose: 1–3mg IV at a rate of 1mg/min. If necessary, a second dose may be given after 2 minutes. Thereafter, additional drug should not be given in less than 4 hours. Transfer to oral therapy as soon as possible.

Dosage adjustments may be required for patients with hepatic or renal impairment, and propranolol should always be administered cautiously in elderly or critically ill patients.

Side Effects

Common side effects:

• Bradycardia
• Hypotension
• Fatigue or weakness
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Shortness of breath or wheezing
• Cold extremities
• Nausea or vomiting
• Confusion or mental status changes
• Insomnia or sleep disturbances
• Gastrointestinal disturbances
• Rash or itching
• Hypoglycemia
• Depression or mood changes
• Visual disturbances

Serious Side Effects:

• Severe bradycardia or heart block
• Severe hypotension or shock
• Respiratory distress or bronchospasm
• Severe fatigue or dizziness
• Liver dysfunction
• Severe allergic reactions
• Heart failure exacerbation